jdoN qoN ivÈv vpfr sMsQf hoNd `c afeI hY AudoN qoN ieh sMsQf, ivÈv bYNk aqy sfmrfjI dyÈ lgfqfr KyqIbfVI sbiszIaF ƒ GtfAux leI Ëor dy rhy hn. ivÈv vpfr sMsQf dy KyqIbfVI sbMDI aYgrImYNt `c iËkr hY ik AuWnq dyÈ afAux vfly 6 sflF `c afpxIaF KyqIbfVI sbiszIaF ƒ 20 pRqIÈq aqy ivkfs kr rhy dyÈ ienHF sbiszIaF ƒ 13 pRqIÈq GtfAuxgy. pRMqU AuWnq dyÈ afpxy KyqIbfVI Kyqr leI grIn bfks aqy bilAU bfks sbiszIaF dy ky ivÈv vpfr sMsQf dy KyqIbfVI sbMDI aYgrImYNt dI lukvyN rUp `c avigaf kr rhy hn.
aÌrIkf df iek dyÈ mlfvI jo 3 sfl pihlF afpxI awDI abfdI ƒ aMqrrfÈtrI dfn `c idwqI geI mdd nfl hI rotI dy skdf sI, awj kwlH KfD pdfrQ bfhrly dyÈF ƒ Byj irhf hY. mlfvI ny ieh sB kuJ ieMglYNz, amrIkf aqy ivÈv bYNk dIaF iewCfvF dy AuWlt cwl ky kIqf hY ijhVy ies ƒ afrQk mdd dfn vjoN idMdy sn. Aus dyÈ dI srkfr ny 3 kroV pfAUNz dI lfgq nfl KyqIbfVI Kyqr leI sbiszI dI iek skIm bxfeI. ies sbiszI nfl iek rsfiexk Kfd dy QYly dI kImq 6500 kvfc (mlfvI dI krMsI) qoN Gt ky 900 aqy 2 ikwlogRfm mwkI dy bIj dI iek QYlI dI kImq 600 kvfc qoN Gt ky 30 kvfc rih geI. mlfvI dI afrQk mdd krn vfly dyÈF ny ies skIm leI PMz muhweIaf krvfAux qoN korI nFh kr idwqI sI ikAuNik AunHF dyÈF anusfr ies skIm dy sfrQk nqIjy nhIN inkl skdy sn. pRMqU Auh dyÈ glq sfbq hoey. mlfvI ƒ sMn 2005 `c afpxIaF Kurfk dIaF loVF ƒ pUrf krn leI 22 lwK tn mwkI dI loV sI jdoN ik ies df Auqpfdn isrÌ 12 lwK tn sI. KyqIbfVI sbiszI dI skIm lfgU krn dy nqIjy vjoN ies dyÈ `c sMn 2007 `c mwkI df Auqpfdn vD ky 32 lwK tn ho igaf aqy ieh dyÈ mwkI dIaF afpxIaF loVF ƒ pUrf krn qoN ielfvf ies df dUjy dyÈF ƒ inrXfq vI krn lwg ipaf.
vpfr dIaF ÈrqF arQ-ivvsQf dy vwK-vwK KyqrF dy ivkfs ƒ inrDfrq krdIaF hn. sMn 1970 qoN Bfrq `c KyqIbfVI Kyqr leI vpfr dIaF ÈrqF pRqIkUl hn. BfvyN sMn 1965 `c KyqIbfVI kImqF kimÈn dy hoNd `c afAux qoN bfad kuJ iek pRmuwK ÌslF dIaF Gwto-Gwt smrQn kImqF ies kimÈn dIaF isÌfrÈF dy afDfr `qy srkfr duafrf inrDfrq kIqIaF jFdIaF hn aqy qkrIbn hr sfl AunHF `c QoVHf vfDf vI kIqf jFdf hY, pRMqU ÊYr-KyqIbfVI AuqpfdF aqy syvfvF dIaF kImqF `c bhuq iËafdf vfDf ho irhf hY. ies dy nqIjy vjoN KyqIbfVI qoN ÈuwD afmdn lgfqfr GtdI jf rhI hY aqy KyqIbfVI iek Gwt lfhyvMd DMdf bx igaf hY.
iksy vI arQ-ivvsQf dy TIk ivkfs leI Aus dy vwK-vwK KyqrF df sMqulq ivkfs hoxf cfhIdf hY. pr ipCly kfÌI smyN qoN BfrqI arQ-ivvsQf dy vwK-vwK KyqrF df asMqulq ivkfs ho irhf hY. sfzI arQ-ivvsQf dI ivkfs dr krIb 8[5 pRqIÈq, AudXogF dy Kyqr dI ivkfs dr 9 pRqIÈq aqy KyqIbfVI Kyqr dI ivkfs dr isrÌ 2[6 pRqIÈq hY. KyqIbfVI Kyqr arQ-ivvsQf dy dUjy KyqrF qoN bhuq ipwCy rih igaf hY, ijhVf sfzy leI bhuq hI icMqf df ivÈf bx igaf hY.
iek kilafxkfrI rfj df ÌrË bxdf hY ik Auh afpxy lokF ƒ rotI, kwpVf, mkfn, iswiKaf, ishq shUlqF aqy BivwK dI ainÈcqqf dy mwdynËr QoVHI bhuq bwcq dIaF shUlqF ËrUr pRdfn kry. sfzy dyÈ `c kdy vI Éurfk dI hflq bhuq suKfvIN nhIN rhI. dUjy sMsfr XuwD dOrfn dyÈ `c Éurfk pdfrQF dI bhuq kmI afeI aqy Aus smyN dI srkfr ny pRmuwK KfD pdfrQF dIaF AuWcqm kImqF inrDfrq kIqIaF. dyÈ dy aËfd hox qoN bfad sMn 1951 `c pihlI pMj sflf Xojnf ÈurU kIqI geI, ijs `c KyqIbfVI Kyqr dy ivkfs ƒ muwK qrjIh idwqI geI. nqIjy vjoN KfD pdfrQF dIaF vD rhIaF kImqF `qy kfbU pfieaf jf sikaf aqy sfzy dyÈ ny bfhrly dyÈF qoN anfj mMgvfAuxf bMd kr idwqf. dUujI pMj sflf Xojnf `c muwK qrjIh KyqIbfVI Kyqr qoN bdl ky AudXogk Kyqr ƒ idwqI geI aqy iesy smyN dOrfn dyÈ `c anfj df sMkt ÈurU ho igaf. sfzy dyÈ dI srkfr ƒ afpxy lokF ƒ anfj muhweIaf krvfAux leI bfhrly dyÈF qoN anfj mMgvfAuxf ipaf ijs `qy dyÈ dI bhuq ivdyÈI mudrf Érc hoeI. Aus smyN sfzI srkfr ny amrIkf qoN pI aYl-480 aDIn TUTf PV ky anfj df afXfq kIqf. ies qoN bfd 1960ivaF `c dyÈ `c KyqIbfVI dI nvIN qknflojI vrqoN `c ilaFdI geI ijhVI vwD JfV dyx vfly bIjF, XkInI isMcfeI, kIVymfr dvfeIaF, mÈInrI aqy afDuink KyqIbfVI pRYkitsË df iek pYkyj sI. 1960ivaF dy aÉIr `c KyqIbfVI dI ieh nvIN qknflojI kfmXfb hoeI ijs ƒ hry ienklfb df nfm idwqf igaf. ies dy nqIjy vjoN KyqIbfVI Auqpfdn aqy Auqpfdkqf `c hYrfnIjnk vfDf hoieaf. sfzI srkfr ny bfhrly dyÈF qoN anfj afXfq krnf bMd kr idwqf aqy ies ƒ KfD pdfrQF `c afqm inrBrqf df nfm idwqf igaf.
Bfrq `c KfD pdfrQF dI aKOqI svY-inrBrqf df ZMzorf ipwtx vfilaF ƒ ieh pqf hoxf cfhIdf hY ik sfry lokF dIaF KfD Kurfk dIaF loVF ƒ pUrf krn leI dyÈ `c KyqI Kyqr dIaF ivÈfl sMBfvnfvF df inwT ky Ìfiedf AuTfAuxf cfhIdf hY jo ik ajy qwk nhIN AuTfieaf igaf. ies BMzfr vfly ielfky Auh hn ijwQy mINh dy shfry KyqI huMdI hY. pRiswD KyqIbfVI ivigafnI aYm aYs svfmInfQn anusfr ijhVy aMkVy ies vyly imldy hn AunHF qoN ieh pqf lwgdf hY ik sfAuxI vflI jvfr dI Auqpfdkqf ies vyly dy pwDr qoN 3-4 guxf vDfeI jf skdI hY aqy hfVI vflI jvfr dI Auqpfdkqf 1[4 qoN 2[3 guxf kIqI jf skdI hY. iesy qrHF dflF aqy qyl bIjF dI Auqpfdkqf 2[3 qoN 2[5 guxf vDfeI jf skdI hY. ies leI bIjF, imwtI dI ishq, kIt-kMtk dy bMdobsq, Ìsl dI jIvn bcfAux vflI isMcfeI aqy Ìsl vwZx qoN mgroN dI loVINdI qknIk `qy iDafn dyx dI loV hY. JfrKMz, mwD pRdyÈ aqy pUrbI Bfrq dy keI ihwisaF `c iek dI QF do ÌslF leIaF jf skdIaF hn. hry ienklfb vfly KyqrF dy iksfnF ƒ surwiKaq KyqI vwl vDx dy Xog bxfAuxf cfhIdf hY. ies sbMD `c iek hor aiDaYn anusfr sMn 2004-05 `c sfzy dyÈ `c vwK-vwK ÌslF dy pRqI hYktyar vrqmfn Auqpfdn ƒ vDfAux dIaF sMBfvnfvF bhuq AuWjl hn. cOlF df Auqpfdn 2026 ikwlogRfm qoN 4000/5810, kxk df 2718 ikwlogRfm qoN 6000/6800, jvfr df 841 ikwlogRfm qoN 3000/4200, mwkI df 1887 ikwlogRfm qoN 6000/8000, kpfh/nrmy df 324 ikwlogRfm qoN 700/850, ptsn df 2233 ikwlogRfm qoN 2500/3000 aqy gMny df 64,000 ikwlogRfm qoN 96,000/112,000 kIqf jf skdf hY.
hry ienklfb df iek mfVf asr DrqI hyTly pfxI dI sqhf `qy ipaf hY. ijhVy rfjF `c hrf ienklfb bhuq kfmXfb hoieaf hY AuQy DrqI hyTly pfxI dI sqhf hyTF vwl jfxI ÈurU ho geI hY ijs nfl KyqIbfVI dI isMcfeI dI lfgq `c lgfqfr vfDf ho irhf hY. Audfhrn dy qOr `qy pMjfb dy iqMn-cOQfeI qoN vI vwD ivkfs blfkF `c pfxI dI sqhf bhuq Qwly jf rhI hY aqy ies dI loV qoN vwD vrqoN ho rhI hY. ies dy nqIjy vjoN ienHF ivkfs blfkF `c iksfnF ƒ sbmrsIbl motrF lgvfAuxIaF peIaF hn ijnHF `qy bhuq iËafdf Ércf afieaf hY. ies dy nfl-nfl ienHF sbmrsIbl motrF ƒ clfAux leI AUrjf (ibjlI aqy zIËl) dI vwD vrqoN krnI pY rhI hY.
asIN ienHf sfry qwQF ƒ iDafn `c rwKdy hoey sihjy hI ies nqIjy `qy phuMcdy hF ik Bfrq `c KyqIbfVI dy ivkfs leI sbiszIaF vrdfn sfbq hoxgIaF. KyqIbfVI Kyqr leI vpfr dIaF ÈrqF pRqIkUl hox kfrn ies dy lfgq ÉricaF ƒ sbiszIaF dy ky Gtfieaf jf skdf hY. Coty aqy sImFqk iksfnF dIaF smwisafvF BfvyN anyk hn pRMqU ienHF `c ÊrIbI aqy krËf muwK hn. ienHF smwisafvF ƒ hwl krn leI Xog KyqIbfVI kImq nIqI, ËmInI suDfr aqy qrjIhI sbiszIaF shfeI hoxgIaF. ËmIn hyTly pfxI dI sqhf dy hyTF jfx ƒ rokx leI Gwt isMcfeI dI loV vflIaF Ìslf bIjx dy nfl-nfl isMcfeI dIaF afDuink pRxflIaF ƒ ivksq krnf pvygf. ienHF `c spirMkl aqy qupkf isMjfeI pRxflIaF aihm hn.
jdoN KyqIbfVI sbiszIaF aiswDIaF idwqIaF jFdIaf hn qF ienHF df pUrf Ìfiedf iksfnF ƒ nf iml ky AudXogpqIaF aqy hor lokF ƒ imldf hY. Audfhrn dy qOr `qy rsfiexk KfdF `qy idwqI jFdI sbiszI df Ìfiedf AudXogpqIaF ƒ vI phuMcdf hY jdoN Auh ies dI vrqoN afpxy kMmF leI krdy hn aqy zIËl `qy idwqI jFdI sbiszI df Ìfiedf AudXogF aqy trFsport kfrobfrIaF ƒ vI imldf hY ijhVy ies dI vrqoN krdy hn. ies leI KyqIbfVI ivkfs leI sbiszIaF Coty aqy sImFqk iksfnF dy hwk `c qrjIhI qF hoxIaF hI cfhdIaF hn, ieh sbiszIaF iksfnF ƒ iswDIaF vI idwqIaF jfxIaF cfhIdIaF hn.
* pRoÌYsr, arQ ivigafn ivBfg,
pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf